What characterizes the Goodell sign?

The Goodell sign is characterized by the softening of the cervix, which is an early physiological change that occurs during pregnancy. It is a result of increased blood flow and tissue changes in the cervix, making it more pliable. This sign is typically observed around the sixth week of gestation and is one of the first indications of pregnancy alongside other signs, such as the Chadwick sign (blue discoloration of the cervix and vagina). The softening of the cervix is an important indicator for health care providers as it helps in assessing early pregnancy and understanding the physiological changes that women undergo during this period.

The other options—irregular bleeding, women over 35, and painful periods—are not characteristic of the Goodell sign and refer to other clinical symptoms or demographics that do not specifically denote the softening of the cervix associated with early pregnancy.