What condition is characterized by hyperprolactinemia?

Hyperprolactinemia is primarily characterized by an elevated level of prolactin in the blood, often resulting from abnormal function of the pituitary gland, specifically when a pituitary tumor, such as a prolactinoma, is present. These tumors produce excess prolactin, leading to a spectrum of clinical symptoms, including irregular menstrual cycles, galactorrhea (milk production), and infertility in women.

While other conditions like adrenal tumors, hypothalamic dysfunction, and ovarian dysfunction can influence hormone levels and reproductive health, pituitary tumors are the most direct cause of hyperprolactinemia. Thus, understanding the role of the pituitary gland in hormone regulation highlights why a pituitary tumor is the correct association with hyperprolactinemia in this context.