What does the term "menopause" refer to?

Menopause specifically refers to the cessation of menstruation for 12 consecutive months, marking the end of a woman's reproductive years. This biological process typically occurs in women in their late 40s to early 50s, and it signifies a significant hormonal shift, particularly a decrease in estrogen production by the ovaries.

The definition of menopause is crucial for understanding women's health since it affects various physiological and psychological aspects of health and well-being. Recognizing menopause as the point after which menstrual periods have stopped entirely for a year is important in distinguishing it from other phases of reproductive health, such as perimenopause, which is characterized by irregular cycles leading up to menopause.

The other options represent different reproductive stages or experiences. The beginning of menstruation relates to menarche, while irregular menstrual cycles can occur during perimenopause or due to other factors. Increased menstrual flow is a symptom that can occur but does not define menopause. Understanding the precise definition helps in providing the appropriate care and support for women undergoing this transition.