What symptom is often associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)?

Irregular menstrual cycles are a hallmark symptom of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This condition is characterized by hormonal imbalances that affect ovarian function, leading to a variety of reproductive symptoms. Women with PCOS often experience irregularities in their menstrual cycles, which can manifest as skipped periods, cycles that are longer than usual, or even absent periods altogether. These irregularities are primarily due to the anovulation that frequently occurs in PCOS, where the ovaries do not release an egg during the menstrual cycle.

Other symptoms of PCOS can include excess androgen levels, which can cause symptoms like hirsutism or acne, and changes in weight, particularly weight gain, but irregular cycles are specifically tied to the syndrome's diagnostic criteria. In contrast, heavy menstrual bleeding is not a typical feature of PCOS, as the condition usually leads to lighter or absent periods rather than increased flow. Hot flashes are more commonly associated with menopause and not typically a symptom of PCOS. Weight loss may occur in some women with PCOS, particularly those who are overweight, but weight gain or difficulty losing weight is more frequently reported. Thus, irregular menstrual cycles stand out as a defining characteristic of PCOS.