Which of the following is a cause of hypothalamic dysfunction leading to amenorrhea?

Weight loss is a significant cause of hypothalamic dysfunction leading to amenorrhea because it can trigger the hypothalamus to decrease the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). This reduction in GnRH then results in inadequate stimulation of the pituitary gland, leading to decreased levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which are critical for ovulation and menstruation.

In cases of significant weight loss, especially related to eating disorders or extreme dieting, the body interprets this as a state of stress or insufficient energy availability for reproduction. This adaptive response serves as a protective mechanism, as the body prioritizes survival over reproductive functions when it is inadequately nourished.

Understanding this physiological response is crucial for recognizing how weight management and lifestyle factors can profoundly impact menstrual health and overall reproductive function.