Which of the following is a common cause of microcytic anemia?

Microcytic anemia is primarily characterized by smaller-than-normal red blood cells and is most commonly associated with iron deficiency. Iron is a crucial component in hemoglobin, which is responsible for oxygen transport in red blood cells. When there is insufficient iron, the body cannot produce adequate hemoglobin, leading to the formation of smaller, microcytic red blood cells.

While vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies lead to macrocytic anemia (characterized by larger-than-normal red blood cells), they do not typically cause microcytic anemia. Excessive blood loss can contribute to various types of anemia depending on the volume and duration of blood loss, but it does not directly cause microcytic anemia unless it leads to iron depletion.

Iron deficiency is the most prevalent cause of microcytic anemia globally, often resulting from inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption, or chronic blood loss. Recognizing this relationship is pivotal in clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of patients presenting with anemia.